1.车机原始数据

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Applications Memory Usage (in Kilobytes):
Uptime: 17677236 Realtime: 17677236

Total PSS by process:
    199,233K: com.iflytek.autofly.mediax (pid 2782 / activities)
    124,496K: system (pid 792)
    106,727K: com.gxa.service.systemui (pid 1513)
     91,710K: com.gxa.cockpit.hvac (pid 1370)
     41,384K: zygote (pid 361)
     40,611K: com.android.systemui (pid 1243 / activities)
     37,332K: com.gxatek.cockpit.settings (pid 30089 / activities)
     36,911K: com.gxatek.cockpit.msgcenter (pid 2469)
     35,512K: com.iflytek.autofly.avatar (pid 2501)
     24,970K: com.iflytek.demo (pid 15276)
     23,248K: com.gxatek.cockpit.miniprogram (pid 3481)
     22,704K: com.iflytek.autofly.systemserver (pid 15103)
     21,398K: com.gac.cloud.app (pid 2567)
     19,822K: com.android.webview:sandboxed_process0 (pid 3027)
     19,732K: com.gxatek.cockpit.scenesengine (pid 3511)
     19,089K: com.gxa.service.account (pid 1381)
     18,990K: com.android.bluetooth (pid 1099)
     18,863K: com.gxatek.cockpit.screensaver (pid 4057)
     18,783K: platformservice.Services (pid 2397)
     18,384K: zygote64 (pid 360)
     18,246K: webview_zygote (pid 1145)
     18,158K: com.android.commands.monkey (pid 30761)
     17,505K: surfaceflinger (pid 485)
     17,272K: com.android.car (pid 1772)
     16,549K: libweexjsb.so (pid 3533)
     15,683K: android.hardware.audio@2.0-service (pid 440)
     15,565K: com.gxa.service.mediacenterservice (pid 1552)
     15,563K: com.gxa.firewall (pid 1992 / activities)
     14,053K: com.desaysv.vehiclelan.proxy@1.0-service (pid 309)
     13,668K: audioserver (pid 480)
     ......

Total PSS by OOM adjustment:
    405,214K: Native
         41,384K: zygote (pid 361)
         24,970K: com.iflytek.demo (pid 15276)
         18,384K: zygote64 (pid 360)
         18,246K: webview_zygote (pid 1145)
         18,158K: com.android.commands.monkey (pid 30761)
         17,505K: surfaceflinger (pid 485)
         16,549K: libweexjsb.so (pid 3533)
         15,683K: android.hardware.audio@2.0-service (pid 440)
         14,053K: com.desaysv.vehiclelan.proxy@1.0-service (pid 309)
         13,668K: audioserver (pid 480)
         10,475K: android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-service (pid 452)
          9,317K: media.codec (pid 605)
          8,729K: android.hardware.broadcastradio@2.0-service.g6 (pid 446)
          7,757K: android.hardware.wifi@1.0-service (pid 463)
          7,662K: caraudioserver (pid 588)
          ......
    124,496K: System
        124,496K: system (pid 792)
    495,619K: Persistent
        106,727K: com.gxa.service.systemui (pid 1513)
         40,611K: com.android.systemui (pid 1243 / activities)
         36,911K: com.gxatek.cockpit.msgcenter (pid 2469)
         35,512K: com.iflytek.autofly.avatar (pid 2501)
         21,398K: com.gac.cloud.app (pid 2567)
         17,272K: com.android.car (pid 1772)
         15,565K: com.gxa.service.mediacenterservice (pid 1552)
         15,563K: com.gxa.firewall (pid 1992 / activities)
         12,893K: com.gxa.appservice.caradapter (pid 1581)
         12,663K: com.android.phone (pid 9965)
         11,964K: com.android.car.hvac (pid 2508)
         11,572K: com.gxatek.cockpit.carlife (pid 2483)
         11,434K: com.gxa.service.ebcall (pid 1676)
         11,429K: com.gxa.service.settings (pid 1423)
         10,935K: com.desaysv.otaservice (pid 2575)
         ......
     18,990K: Persistent Service
         18,990K: com.android.bluetooth (pid 1099)
     12,852K: Foreground
         12,852K: com.iflytek.autofly.naviselect (pid 15011 / activities)
    521,294K: Visible
        199,233K: com.iflytek.autofly.mediax (pid 2782 / activities)
         91,710K: com.gxa.cockpit.hvac (pid 1370)
         22,704K: com.iflytek.autofly.systemserver (pid 15103)
         19,822K: com.android.webview:sandboxed_process0 (pid 3027)
         19,089K: com.gxa.service.account (pid 1381)
         18,863K: com.gxatek.cockpit.screensaver (pid 4057)
         18,783K: platformservice.Services (pid 2397)
         12,914K: com.gxa.car.power (pid 1451)
         12,868K: com.gxa.car.externalkey (pid 1354)
         10,901K: com.gac.cloud.cert (pid 2718)
         10,798K: com.gxa.car.engineMode (pid 1405)
         10,590K: com.gxa.appservice.platformadapter.adaptermainservice (pid 2643)
         10,217K: com.gxa.service.ota (pid 2818)
          9,010K: com.gxa.car.procmanagement (pid 2802)
          8,462K: com.gxa.service.cluster (pid 1645)
          8,352K: com.gxa.car.hardkey (pid 2389)
          8,141K: android.ext.services (pid 3252)
          7,989K: android.ext.services (pid 3267)
          7,550K: com.iflytek.autofly.accountcenter (pid 3087)
          7,528K: android.ext.services (pid 2137)
          5,770K: com.gxatek.appservice.cluster (pid 3071)
     59,002K: Perceptible
         23,248K: com.gxatek.cockpit.miniprogram (pid 3481)
         19,732K: com.gxatek.cockpit.scenesengine (pid 3511)
          8,066K: com.android.inputmethod.latin (pid 2109)
          7,956K: com.desaysv.ftpserver (pid 3620)
     18,531K: A Services
          9,298K: com.iflytek.autofly.mediax:remote (pid 10360)
          9,233K: com.iflytek.autofly.mediax:remote (pid 10857)
     29,298K: B Services
          8,706K: com.iflytek.autofly.mediax:remote (pid 3104)
          7,016K: android.process.media (pid 23822)
          5,697K: com.android.car.messenger (pid 3834)
          4,040K: com.qti.diagservices (pid 3707)
          3,839K: com.qualcomm.qcrilmsgtunnel (pid 2332)
     96,280K: Cached
         37,332K: com.gxatek.cockpit.settings (pid 30089 / activities)
          8,291K: com.iflytek.autofly.accountcenter (pid 10320)
          8,207K: com.iflytek.autofly.accountcenter (pid 10818)
          7,960K: com.google.android.car.vms.subscriber (pid 14643)
          5,333K: com.gxatek.appservice.cluster (pid 10803)
          5,074K: com.gxatek.appservice.cluster (pid 11980)
          4,452K: com.android.mtp (pid 31084)
          4,270K: com.android.mtp (pid 5760)
          4,192K: com.android.mtp (pid 5685)
          3,829K: com.android.externalstorage (pid 31047)
          3,674K: com.android.externalstorage (pid 5445)
          3,666K: com.android.externalstorage (pid 5430)

Total PSS by category:
    645,466K: Native
    257,284K: .so mmap
    193,418K: .dex mmap
    140,979K: Dalvik
    112,332K: .art mmap
    103,828K: Unknown
     98,915K: .apk mmap
     75,275K: .jar mmap
     48,058K: Other mmap
     42,943K: Dalvik Other
     37,704K: .oat mmap
     13,094K: .ttf mmap
      7,928K: Stack
      3,206K: Other dev
      1,146K: Ashmem
          0K: Cursor
          0K: Gfx dev
          0K: EGL mtrack
          0K: GL mtrack
          0K: Other mtrack

Total RAM: 6,266,692K (status normal)
 Free RAM: 3,487,696K (   96,280K cached pss +   844,924K cached kernel + 2,546,492K free)
 Used RAM: 2,162,420K (1,685,296K used pss +   477,124K kernel)
 Lost RAM:   616,576K
   Tuning: 512 (large 512), oom   322,560K, restore limit   107,520K (high-end-gfx)

2.追根溯源

简单的查看内存信息可以使用命令：adb shell dumpsys meminfo

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// android/frameworks/native/cmds/dumpsys/main.cpp
int main(int argc, char* const argv[]) {
    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
    fflush(stdout);
    if (sm == nullptr) {
        ALOGE("Unable to get default service manager!");
        aerr << "dumpsys: Unable to get default service manager!" << endl;
        return 20;
    }

    Dumpsys dumpsys(sm.get());
    return dumpsys.main(argc, argv);
}

通过解析参数，会调用对应servicemanager中注册的服务meminfo 的dump接口

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// android/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ ActivityManagerService.java
public void setSystemProcess() {
    try {
        ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, /* allowIsolated= */ true,DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO);
        ServiceManager.addService(ProcessStats.SERVICE_NAME, mProcessStats);
        // 添加meminfo服务到ServiceManager中
        ServiceManager.addService("meminfo", new MemBinder(this), /* allowIsolated= */ false,DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_HIGH);
        ServiceManager.addService("gfxinfo", new GraphicsBinder(this));
        ServiceManager.addService("dbinfo", new DbBinder(this));
        if (MONITOR_CPU_USAGE) {
            ServiceManager.addService("cpuinfo", new CpuBinder(this),/* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL);
        }
        ServiceManager.addService("permission", new PermissionController(this));
        ServiceManager.addService("processinfo", new ProcessInfoService(this));

        ......
        }
    } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
            "Unable to find android system package", e);
    }
}

从上面代码中可以看到AMS将各种服务通过setSystemProcess()方法注册到ServiceManager中，我们本次要分析的是meminfo，因此主要看MemBinder即可。

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static class MemBinder extends Binder {
    ActivityManagerService mActivityManagerService;
    private final PriorityDump.PriorityDumper mPriorityDumper =
        new PriorityDump.PriorityDumper() {
        @Override
        public void dumpHigh(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args,
                             boolean asProto) {
            dump(fd, pw, new String[] {"-a"}, asProto);
        }

        @Override
        public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args, boolean asProto) {
            // 最终会调到AMS的dumpApplicationMemoryUsage方法打印meminfo
            mActivityManagerService.dumpApplicationMemoryUsage(
                fd, pw, "  ", args, false, null, asProto);
        }
    };

    MemBinder(ActivityManagerService activityManagerService) {
        mActivityManagerService = activityManagerService;
    }

    @Override
    protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
        if (!DumpUtils.checkDumpAndUsageStatsPermission(mActivityManagerService.mContext,
                                                        "meminfo", pw)) return;
        PriorityDump.dump(mPriorityDumper, fd, pw, args);
        }
}

从上面代码可以看出，dumpsys meminfo最终会调到AMS的dumpApplicationMemoryUsage中，然后经过一系列对传入参数的判断，打印出第一小节的内容。

3.解析打印内容

3.1 标题解析
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Applications Memory Usage (in Kilobytes):
Uptime: 17677236 Realtime: 17677236

Total PSS by process:
     ......

Total PSS by OOM adjustment:
    ......

Total PSS by category:
    ......
  • Uptime: 表示启动到现在的时长，不包含休眠的时间，单位毫秒(ms)
  • Realtime: 表示启动到现在的时长，包含休眠的时间，单位毫秒(ms)
  • PSS:Proportional Set Size 实际使用的物理内存（比例分配共享库占用的内存），比如2个进程使用10KB的共享库，那么每个进程算5KB内存占用到PSS中。
  • Total PSS by process：这个标签下面的就是按照以PPS方式统计的，进程使用内存按多到少排列出来。
  • Total PSS by OOM adjustment:这个下面是按OOM adj值排列的，就是lowmem kill时的优先级，从高到低排列(Native最高，Cached最低)。OOM_ADJ值越小，优先级越高，越难被lowmem kill杀。
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// frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ProcessList.java

// Uninitialized value for any major or minor adj fields
static final int INVALID_ADJ = -10000;

// Adjustment used in certain places where we don't know it yet.
// (Generally this is something that is going to be cached, but we
// don't know the exact value in the cached range to assign yet.)
static final int UNKNOWN_ADJ = 1001;

// This is a process only hosting activities that are not visible,
// so it can be killed without any disruption.
static final int CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ = 906;
static final int CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ = 900;

// The B list of SERVICE_ADJ -- these are the old and decrepit
// services that aren't as shiny and interesting as the ones in the A list.
static final int SERVICE_B_ADJ = 800;

// This is the process of the previous application that the user was in.
// This process is kept above other things, because it is very common to
// switch back to the previous app.  This is important both for recent
// task switch (toggling between the two top recent apps) as well as normal
// UI flow such as clicking on a URI in the e-mail app to view in the browser,
// and then pressing back to return to e-mail.
static final int PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ = 700;

// This is a process holding the home application -- we want to try
// avoiding killing it, even if it would normally be in the background,
// because the user interacts with it so much.
static final int HOME_APP_ADJ = 600;

// This is a process holding an application service -- killing it will not
// have much of an impact as far as the user is concerned.
static final int SERVICE_ADJ = 500;

// This is a process with a heavy-weight application.  It is in the
// background, but we want to try to avoid killing it.  Value set in
// system/rootdir/init.rc on startup.
static final int HEAVY_WEIGHT_APP_ADJ = 400;

// This is a process currently hosting a backup operation.  Killing it
// is not entirely fatal but is generally a bad idea.
static final int BACKUP_APP_ADJ = 300;

// This is a process only hosting components that are perceptible to the
// user, and we really want to avoid killing them, but they are not
// immediately visible. An example is background music playback.
static final int PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ = 200;

// This is a process only hosting activities that are visible to the
// user, so we'd prefer they don't disappear.
static final int VISIBLE_APP_ADJ = 100;
static final int VISIBLE_APP_LAYER_MAX = PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ - VISIBLE_APP_ADJ - 1;

// This is the process running the current foreground app.  We'd really
// rather not kill it!
static final int FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ = 0;

// This is a process that the system or a persistent process has bound to,
// and indicated it is important.
static final int PERSISTENT_SERVICE_ADJ = -700;

// This is a system persistent process, such as telephony.  Definitely
// don't want to kill it, but doing so is not completely fatal.
static final int PERSISTENT_PROC_ADJ = -800;

// The system process runs at the default adjustment.
static final int SYSTEM_ADJ = -900;

// Special code for native processes that are not being managed by the system (so
// don't have an oom adj assigned by the system).
static final int NATIVE_ADJ = -1000;

由于在Cached标签下的进程是随时可以回收内存的缓存进程，所以该部分内存在后面会统计到Free RAM字段中

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Total RAM: 6,266,692K (status normal)
 Free RAM: 3,487,696K (   96,280K cached pss +   844,924K cached kernel + 2,546,492K free)
 Used RAM: 2,162,420K (1,685,296K used pss +   477,124K kernel)
 Lost RAM:   616,576K
   Tuning: 512 (large 512), oom   322,560K, restore limit   107,520K (high-end-gfx)
3.2 单个app内存分析

Total PSS by category:该标签下统计系统中所有进程每个类别占用内存的总和，具体每个的含义后面按app来解释。

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# 获取单个进程对应的内存信息：
adb shell dumpsys meminfo <pid> 
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** MEMINFO in pid 5304 [com.gxa.car.scene] **
                   Pss  Private  Private  SwapPss     Heap     Heap     Heap
                 Total    Dirty    Clean    Dirty     Size    Alloc     Free
                ------   ------   ------   ------   ------   ------   ------
  Native Heap     2737     2668        0        0     9728     8103     1624
  Dalvik Heap      635      576        0        0     2736     1200     1536
 Dalvik Other      428      428        0        0
        Stack      252      252        0        0
       Ashmem        5        0        0        0
    Other dev       14        0       12        0
     .so mmap     1601      120        0        0
    .apk mmap      564        0        0        0
    .ttf mmap       59        0        0        0
    .dex mmap     3987        4     2228        0
    .oat mmap      306        0        0        0
    .art mmap     4131     3800       88        0
   Other mmap       13        4        0        0
      Unknown      323      288        0        0
        TOTAL    15055     8140     2328        0    12464     9303     3160

 App Summary
                       Pss(KB)
                        ------
           Java Heap:     4464
         Native Heap:     2668
                Code:     2352
               Stack:      252
            Graphics:        0
       Private Other:      732
              System:     4587

               TOTAL:    15055       TOTAL SWAP PSS:        0

 Objects
               Views:       17         ViewRootImpl:        1
         AppContexts:        3           Activities:        1
              Assets:        2        AssetManagers:        3
       Local Binders:        9        Proxy Binders:       15
       Parcel memory:        3         Parcel count:       12
    Death Recipients:        0      OpenSSL Sockets:        0
            WebViews:        0

 SQL
         MEMORY_USED:        0
  PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW:        0          MALLOC_SIZE:        0

这个信息是在app进程中打印出来的，最终该命令会执行到对应进程的如下接口：

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// frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
@Override
public void dumpMemInfo(ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, Debug.MemoryInfo mem, boolean checkin,
        boolean dumpFullInfo, boolean dumpDalvik, boolean dumpSummaryOnly,
                        boolean dumpUnreachable, String[] args) {
    FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(pfd.getFileDescriptor());
    PrintWriter pw = new FastPrintWriter(fout);
    try {
        dumpMemInfo(pw, mem, checkin, dumpFullInfo, dumpDalvik, dumpSummaryOnly, dumpUnreachable);
    } finally {
        pw.flush();
        IoUtils.closeQuietly(pfd);
    }
}
3.2.1 细节分析
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** MEMINFO in pid 5304 [com.gxa.car.scene] **
                   Pss  Private  Private  SwapPss     Heap     Heap     Heap
                 Total    Dirty    Clean    Dirty     Size    Alloc     Free
                ------   ------   ------   ------   ------   ------   ------
  Native Heap     2737     2668        0        0     9728     8103     1624
  Dalvik Heap      635      576        0        0     2736     1200     1536

Native Heap是指c/c++ 中malloc出来的堆空间
Dalvik Heap是指java中new出来的java堆空间

这里可以看到Native Heap Pss Total列是2737 也就是native代码中分配了2737KB的空间被占用 Heap Size列是9728，是指Native堆最大是这么多KB，后面还有Heap Alloc列是8103，这里是指在虚拟地址中分配了这么多空间，Dalvik Heap同理是指java中占用的空间。

其中Pss Total是指占用了真实的物理内存的空间，而Heap Alloc只是占用的虚拟内存的空间。是分配了空间，没有使用的那部分内存。

例如：

此时只在虚拟内存空间增加了8M大小
private long[] space = new long[1024*1024];

如果给space赋值了，就会在真实的物理空间增加大小

for (int i = 0; i < 1024 * 1024; i++) {
​ space[i] = 01;
}

虚拟内存：进程空间内的虚拟内存地址，理论上32位cpu一个进程有4GB的虚拟内存可以使用。
物理内存：就是真正写的到内存条上的，真实地址对进程不可见，由操作系统把虚拟内存地址映射到物理内存地址。

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Dalvik Other      428      428        0        0
        Stack      252      252        0        0
       Ashmem        5        0        0        0
    Other dev       14        0       12        0
     .so mmap     1601      120        0        0
    .apk mmap      564        0        0        0
    .ttf mmap       59        0        0        0
    .dex mmap     3987        4     2228        0
    .oat mmap      306        0        0        0
    .art mmap     4131     3800       88        0
   Other mmap       13        4        0        0
      Unknown      323      288        0        0
        TOTAL    15055     8140     2328        0    12464     9303     3160

其他的细节信息就是 Stack是指运行中栈空间的使用（函数调用，局部变量等），Ashmem是匿名内存占用的空间，各种mmap是对应类型文件加载部分占用内存（可以部分加载也叫映射到内存）

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# 查看某个进程内存详情
adb shell cat /proc/<pid>/smaps
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cd3ff000-cdc00000 rw-p 00000000 00:01 105348                             /dev/ashmem/dalvik-large object space allocation (deleted)
Size:               8196 kB
Rss:                4100 kB
Pss:                4100 kB
Shared_Clean:          0 kB
Shared_Dirty:          0 kB
Private_Clean:         0 kB
Private_Dirty:      4100 kB
Referenced:         4100 kB
Anonymous:          4100 kB
AnonHugePages:         0 kB
Swap:                  0 kB
SwapPss:               0 kB
KernelPageSize:        4 kB
MMUPageSize:           4 kB
Locked:                0 kB

Size:指的就是分配了多少虚拟内存；

Rss、Pss指的是实际物理内存使用的大小，由于这个内存段是纯new出来的，没有共享库，所以这两个值是一样的。由于只给4MB的数组赋值，操作系统只给分配了4MB的真实物理内存。

3.2.2 另一种方式统计应用内存
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App Summary
                      Pss(KB)
                       ------
          Java Heap:     4464
        Native Heap:     2668
               Code:     2352
              Stack:      252
           Graphics:        0
      Private Other:      732
             System:     4587

              TOTAL:    15055       TOTAL SWAP PSS:        0

Objects
              Views:       17         ViewRootImpl:        1
        AppContexts:        3           Activities:        1
             Assets:        2        AssetManagers:        3
      Local Binders:        9        Proxy Binders:       15
      Parcel memory:        3         Parcel count:       12
   Death Recipients:        0      OpenSSL Sockets:        0
           WebViews:        0

SQL
        MEMORY_USED:        0
 PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW:        0          MALLOC_SIZE:        0

App Summary部分换了一种方式统计Pss内存占用，其Total值和上面部分一致。可以通过App Summary查看到创建了多少对象，应用对象一段事件内是否没有正常释放导致内存溢出的情况。具体含义可以参考如下代码：

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// frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
printRow(pw, ONE_COUNT_COLUMN,
"Java Heap:", memInfo.getSummaryJavaHeap());
printRow(pw, ONE_COUNT_COLUMN,
"Native Heap:", memInfo.getSummaryNativeHeap());
printRow(pw, ONE_COUNT_COLUMN,
"Code:", memInfo.getSummaryCode());
printRow(pw, ONE_COUNT_COLUMN,
"Stack:", memInfo.getSummaryStack());
printRow(pw, ONE_COUNT_COLUMN,
"Graphics:", memInfo.getSummaryGraphics());
printRow(pw, ONE_COUNT_COLUMN,
"Private Other:", memInfo.getSummaryPrivateOther());
printRow(pw, ONE_COUNT_COLUMN,
"System:", memInfo.getSummarySystem());